Contrasting Techniques
Themes
Transmitted light methods
The classic microscope type for transparent preparations how they are used mainly in the biology and medicine.
Reflected light methods
A transmitted light microscope will normally not be very useful to anyone wanting to examine the structure of metal samples, the surface of ceramics or printed paper documents.

Fluorescence
In fluorescence microscopy, the specimens are treated with special reagents.

Contrast, or visibility of an object against the background, is one of the key concerns of any microscopist. Obviously, if the tissue, cell or specific feature fades into the background, it cannot be imaged.